Left Atrium

Dimensions

Measured at end systole in PLAX using 2D or M-mode.
Can measure in A4C if PLAX not good enough.

Volume

Simpsons in A4C or A2C.

LA

Pressure

Atrium will enlarge as pressure increases as it is compliant.
As LA pressure increases, EDT gets faster and E becomes more prominent (rapid diastolic filling).
TDI mitral annulus (as for diastolic function).
E (of mitral inflow) to Em (from TDI) ratio reflects LA pressure.
E/Em septal >15 = increased atrial pressure (>20mmHg), <8 normal, 8-15 grey area. Lateral is <10 or >10.